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The Numerous Feasible Causes Of Domesticated Bee Colony Collapse Disorder
Beekeepers have always suffered losses of their domesticated bees but in the past those losses were gradual and the beekeeper was always able to find the cause, usually a bacteria, mite or some other microbe and take appropriate action. Not so with colony collapse disorder, (sometimes called colony collapse syndrome or colony collapse disease). With colony collapse disorder more bees are dying off faster with no obvious reason and because only the queen and a few worker bees are left alive the colony dies.
The vanishing honey bees is still a mystery. As yet there has been no firm evidence to point to any one cause for their perishing. This has led to the hypothesis that there is more than one cause to colony collapse disorder (CCD). Likely causes are:
Genetically modified crops
An investigation carried out by a beekeeper, John McDonald, seems to suggest that genetically modified crops could be the cause of colony collapse disorder. He placed eight honey bee colonies in an area where the bees would have no contact with genetically modified crops and an equivalent number of domesticated bee hives on farms that grew genetically modified crops. At the end of the season in October the results of the honey collecting of both sets of honey bees was examined. The results between the two sets of honey bee colonies were very different.
The 8 non-GMO bee colonies produced 150 pounds of honey, per hive, in the over-wintering brood supers. Plus, between them, the eight colonies produced 200 pounds of extra honey. The farm bees, on the other hand, had produced no extra honey and had not even filled the over-wintering brood supers. These farm bees will require feeding in order to carry through the winter.
Pesticides
The pesticide believed to be the main culprit in causing colony collapse syndrome is nicotine-based Clothianidin, an insecticide in the neonicotinoid family. In Germany researchers found that 99 percent of expired bees had high levels of Clothianidin in their bodies. As a result the seven pesticides in the neonicotinoid family have been provisionally not permitted.
In the US imidacloprid seems to be the pesticide causing the most colony collapse disorder. For example in North Dakota one third of colonies died after imidacloprid was in use on rapeseed.
Cell phones
Is the electromagnetic radiation given off by cell phones interfering with the honey bee's navigation system thus preventing the bees from determining their way back to the hive. Some detective work carried out by Dr Jochen Kuhn shows that honeybees do not like going back to their hives when a mobile phone is placed near the hive. If bees are trying to keep away from cell phone radiation then this could elucidate why they are getting lost and unable to find their way home.
Foodstuff
Honey bees normally use natural material like pollen, sap, nectar, or other botanical materials, for restructuring into honey. When beekeepers remove this honey, which the honey bees would normally eat over winter, and replace it with High Fructose Corn Syrup a natural raw foodstuff is being replaced with a highly processed dead food. HFCS is lacking in the many minerals and vitamins found in honey so the bees are forced to eat inferior foodstuff which results in their poor health and worn-out immune systems.
So what is the cause of bee colony collapse disorder. Probably a combination of all of the above though GMOs, and the neonicotinoid pesticides, seem to be the main factors which has caused the dramatic increase in bees disappearing.
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